References

At a glance

Full reference list with links for all citations in Viral Hepatitis Surveillance and Case Management: Guidance for State, Territorial, and Local Health Departments.

Surveillance Guidance References

  1. Bixler D, Barker L, Lewis K, Peretz L, Teshale E. Prevalence and awareness of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: January 2017-March 2020. Hepatol Commun 2023;7.
  2. Lewis KC, Barker LK, Jiles RB, Gupta N. Estimated prevalence and awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, January 2017-March 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2023;77:1413-1415.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis surveillance, United States, 2021. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/about/index.html. Accessed on November 20, 2023.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance case definitions for current and historical conditions. Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/. Accessed on June 25, 2021.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Lesson 5: Public health surveillance. Appendix A. Characteristics of well-conducted surveillance. In: Dicker RC, Coronado F, Koo D, Parrish RG, eds. Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition: An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Atlanta, Georgia, 2006.
  6. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. CSTE position statement process. Available at: https://www.cste.org/page/PSLanding#Introduction. Accessed on January 17, 2020.
  7. US Department of Health & Human Services. HHS 42 CFR Part 2 Proposed Rule Fact Sheet. Available at: Fact Sheet 42 CFR Part 2 Final Rule | HHS.gov. Accessed on August 5, 2020.
  8. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. CSTE policy and position statement process. Available at: https://www.cste.org/page/PPSP. Accessed on January 17, 2020.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National notifiable conditions (historical) Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/search-results-year/. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance guidelines and forms. Previously available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/GuidelinesAndForms.htm. Accessed on February 13, 2020.
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HL7 message mapping guides & standards. Available at: Implementation Guides. Accessed on May 20, 2021.
  12. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement 18-ID-07: public health reporting and national notification for hepatitis A. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/2018_position_statements/18-ID-07.pdf. Accessed on May 21, 2020.
  13. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement 11-ID-03: public health reporting and national notification for acute hepatitis B infections. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/PS/11-ID-03.pdf. Accessed on May 19, 2021.
  14. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement 19-ID-06: revision of the case definition for hepatitis C. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/2019ps/final/19-ID-06_HepatitisC_final_7..pdf. Accessed on January 16, 2020.
  15. Ryerson AB, Schillie S, Barker LK, Kupronis BA, Wester C. Vital Signs: newly reported acute and chronic hepatitis C cases-United States, 2009-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:399-404.
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notifiable infectious disease data tables. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/data-statistics/infectious-tables/index.html. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis surveillance–United States. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/SurveillanceRpts.htm. Accessed on January 24, 2020.
  18. US Department of Health & Human Services. Disclosures for public health activities. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/disclosures-public-health-activities/index.html. Accessed on August 5, 2020.
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Integrated prevention services for HIV infection, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis for persons who use drugs illicitly: summary guidance from CDC and the US Department of Health & Human Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 2012;61:1-40.
  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Managing HIV and hepatitis C outbreak among people who inject drugs – A guide for state and local health departments. March 2018. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/programresources/guidance/cluster-outbreak/cdc-hiv-hcv-pwid-guide.pdf. Accessed on January 17, 2020.
  21. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV guidance: recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. HCV in key populations: men who have sex with men. Available at https://www.hcvguidelines.org/unique-populations/msm. Accessed August 4, 2020.
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  26. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) drug diversion planning and response toolkit for state and local health departments. Available at: https://www.cste.org/page/Drug-Diversion-Toolkit. Accessed on December 3, 2020.
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  28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chapter 10: Hepatitis B. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe C, eds. The Pink Book - Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 2015.
  29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data security and confidentiality guidelines for HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted dieases, and tuberculosis programs: standards to facilitate sharing and use of surveillance data for public health action. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
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  34. Ly KN, Klevens RM. Trends in disease and complications of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States, 1999-2011: a new concern for adults. J Infect Dis 2015;212:176-182.
  35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis A questions and answers for health professionals. Previously available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm. Accessed on January 16, 2020.
  36. Foster MA, Hofmeister MG, Albertson JP, et al. Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:875–878. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7024a2
  37. Yin S, Barker L, Ly KN, Kilmer G, Foster MA, Drobeniuc J, Jiles RB. Susceptibility to hepatitis A virus infection in the United States, 2007-2016. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:e571-e579.
  38. Foster MA, Hofmeister MG, Kupronis BA, Lin Y, Xia G-L, Yin S, Teshale EH. Increase in hepatitis A virus infections - United States, 2013-2018. MMWR Weekly 2019;68:413-415.
  39. Nelson NP, Weng MK, Hofmeister MG, Moore KL, Doshani M, Kamili S, Koneru A, et al. Prevention of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep 2020;69:1-38.
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  52. Weng MK, Doshani M, Khan MA, Frey S, Ault K, Moore KL, Hall EW, et al. Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19-59 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:477-483.
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  56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B, acute 2024 case definition. Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/conditions/hepatitis-b-acute/. Accessed on December 31, 2023.
  57. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement 23-ID-05: update to public health reporting and national notification for acute and chronic hepatitis B infections. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/ps/ps_2023/23-ID-05_Hepatitis_B.pdf. Accessed on November 21, 2023.
  58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B, chronic 2024 case definition. Available at: https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/conditions/hepatitis-b-chronic/. Accessed on December 31, 2023.
  59. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Position statement 16-ID-06: Public health reporting and national notification of perinatal hepatitis B virus infection. Available at: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/2016PS/16_ID_06.pdf. Accessed on May 1, 2020.
  60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B, perinatal virus infection 2017 case definition. Available at https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/conditions/hepatitis-b-perinatal-virus-infection/. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
  61. Myintm A, Tong MJ, Beaven SW. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus: a review of clinical guidelines. Clin Liver Dis 2020;15:162-167.
  62. Bixler D, Annambholta P, Abara WE, Collier MG, Jones J, Mixson-Hayden T, Basavaraju SV, et al. Hepatitis B and C virus infections transmitted through organ transplantation investigated by CDC, United States, 2014-2017. Am J Transplant 2019;19:2570-2582.
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